Lima (AFP) – The countries engaged in marathon negotiations at the UN conference in Lima to limit global warming reached Sunday exceed a North-South divide and conclude an agreement in extremis.
The European Union welcomed the agreement saying it was “a step forward” towards a global agreement at the summit scheduled for late 2015 in Paris.
The EU said in a statement from the European Commission that the agreement of Lima called on all countries to identify their commitments to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases “in a clear, transparent and understandable.”
The 196 delegations attending the COP20 (20th Conference of the Parties) have adopted a text setting the format of their future commitments to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases.
A draft text, that will power the 2015 background document prior negotiations at the Paris summit in a year, was also adopted at the end of two weeks of intense talks.
“The ghost of Copenhagen and away hope for success in Paris is close, “said Laurent Fabius, the French foreign minister who had decided to delay his return to France to attend the end of the conference, which had to be extended over 30 hours.
Overcoming persistent North-South divide, delegations finalized an acceptable text that frames the shape will make the commitments that countries take in 2015 on the reductions of gas emissions Greenhouse scope, content, evaluation mode
The developing countries demanded that “national contributions” also include actions for adaptation to warming and financial support to them, two points. mentioned in the agreement, but not be subject to obligations.
The African, small island states, Saudi Arabia, the Philippines, Brazil had strongly urged that the adaptation may be part of the contributions.
The South also claimed unsuccessfully details of the financing channels which should allow to reach $ 100 billion in aid in 2020 and which remain unclear.
After all an afternoon and an evening devoted to probing the positions of each other in private, Manuel Pulgar-Vidal, the Peruvian environment minister who chaired the proceedings, had submitted another draft text to the parties that finally adopted by consensus after only one hour of reflection
-. Too little ambition for the South –
On Saturday morning, the hoping to quickly pull a compromise on the basis of a new text in Friday night was dampened by several interventions in developing countries in the plenary.
“It will be difficult to accept contributions without mention of funding (in the contributions of developed countries), “said the representative of Sudan on behalf of the African Group, before refusing to work on the new text.
” The lines red are unfortunately not mentioned, “also launched the representative of Malaysia on behalf of a large group of developing countries. “Contributions must consider adaptation” to climate change, he pleaded in a tone very firm.
Given this rejectionist front, who deplored the lack of ambition of the text The US negotiator Todd Stern said he was in favor of “new formulas” but not “lengthy negotiations”. “The success of the COP of Lima is at stake,” -it was launched.
“Failing to implement a decision that is at hand would deal a serious blow to hopes of an agreement Paris “in 2015, he warned.
To the end of 2015 agreement, which will come into force in 2020, countries’ commitments to be announced if possible by March 31 or well before the COP in Paris.
The UN Convention on Climate Change Secretariat will carry for the 1st November 2015 a synthesis aggregating the various commitments. This will measure the overall effort compared to the target of limiting the rise in the thermometer warming to 2 ° C.
The national contributions should enable an overall reduction in emissions of 40 to 70% 2050: an absolute necessity to reach does not exceed the threshold of 2 ° C above pre-industrial era
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