This is the measure that led to the resignation of Christiane Taubira. That will permanently divide the left. Who has marked the five-year period. Deprivation of nationality. Successively for binational or for all, enshrined in law or the Constitution, or confined to crimes extended to crimes, it has not stopped evolving. Only Article 2 of the constitutional review, but it has played a leading role. Before the start of the review to Parliament on 5 February, taking account of a typically Dutch decision but unspoken’s conniving and other workarounds.
November 15
C is this Sunday morning, in the Green Room of the Elysee, the idea of the deprivation of nationality comes into the discussions. Before political consultations of the afternoon, it is time to draft the speech that the president must decide the next Congress. There are around the table who’s who of the employees of the Castle. François Hollande speaks:
I summoned the Congress, the ad level must be constitutional revision “
The principle is laid Rest content L… state of emergency, which is already in place since 13 November evening must be constitutionally entrenched to continue in the rules, noted Marc Guillaume, the secretary general of the government. the head of state agrees, and asks “the right she will vote?” then the conversation begins on nationality disqualifications ordered in October against five french and naturalized individuals convicted of terrorist offenses the measure had. rejoiced the right, without hitting the left. Why not extend it to all dual nationals, including those born French? the debate is launched.
in the afternoon, Francois Hollande receives heads Parliamentarians file groups. Among the visitors Republicans, Nicolas Sarkozy, who rightly calls for the extension of the deprivation of nationality. The idea continues to make its way.
In the evening, always at the Elysée, François Hollande, Manuel Valls and Bernard Cazeneuve meet for a long working meeting. So long as the three men will be separated to go to sleep without a ruling. They will resume the next morning until lunchtime. This is where the opportunity is a final determination, and they will enact, in small committee, the principle of the entrenchment of the deprivation of nationality to all dual nationals.
November 16
This is the day of the Congress. His precise intentions, Hollande has warned anyone but Valls Cazeneuve and when it arrives at Versailles. At the podium, he announced:
This revision of the Constitution must be accompanied by other measures. It is the deprivation of nationality. Deprivation of nationality, must not have the effect of making someone stateless, but we have to fall from its French nationality a person convicted of a violation of the fundamental interests of the nation or a terrorist act, even if born french, I say ‘even if born french’ since it has another nationality. “
no Parliamentarian not take offense, if not a few slingers. You had to hit, and hit hard after this second wave of attacks in less than a year. Holland did. in great secrecy. the feeling is definitely a surprise. “the advisers of Elysee themselves are surprised, said a relative of the president. The measure was not in the penultimate printed version of the speech “
Forfeiture of nationality. Storm under socialist skulls
November 18
“com soc” socialist Commissioners of the law Commission of the national Assembly, meet for the first time and make a round on the subject. it is a real outcry against deprivation of nationality for binational. the president and the vice-president, Jean-Jacques and Dominique Raimbourg Urvoas, are responsible for pass the message to the President of the Republic. Two other members, Marie-Anne Chapdelaine and Erwann Binet, to the Prime Minister. the four will return with the certainty that it will ultimately not mention binational.
at the same time, another debate through most: should register or not the deprivation of nationality in the Constitution in “Le Parisien”, Jean-Marie Le Guen, the State Secretary for Relations with Parliament? slips “. fewer and fewer people believe that it is absolutely essential to include in the Constitution the loss of nationality”
December 11
Seized on December 1, the State Council meets in general meeting and gave a favorable opinion on the measure, while the interior section issued an opinion contrary a few days earlier. Holland can not rely on the administrative court order not to lapse into music. The State Council sets two limits: it “considers that the forfeiture of French nationality for binational convicted of terrorism should be made in the Constitution,” but “considers that the proposed measure should only apply to the sole authors of ‘the most serious crimes, not the perpetrators. “
December 15
Manuel Valls, who receives twenty lunch journalists at Matignon, made for the first time display his doubts before the controversy that swells:
for three or four individuals, is it worth it? It does not deter any terrorist to blow himself up. “
December 18
The head of state also seems to want to abandon the deprivation of nationality. This is what all parties parading in his office understands, of the environmentalist Emmanuelle Cosse the historian Patrick Weil, through the director of “Liberation”, Laurent Joffrin, all of which make him a strong plea against the measure.
December 21
from the first hours of the day, the president still consults from his office. at one of the interlocutors that the phone has, it always implies that there will no deprivation of nationality, at least not in the Constitution is an important nuance. at that time, Holland wondered about the validity of the measure, but on the need to include in the basic law. A Benoît Hamon, it receives 10 hours, he repeats the same thing. “it is clear that told me it will not be in it, says the former minister. Besides, we move quickly enough on the issue before us ten minutes to over an hour of maintenance. He also told Anne Hidalgo, Cecile Duflot. thirty when we did not even have been a hallucination! “The head of state explained that he meant the reactions of the left, there are other solutions to satisfy the right.
Holland then lunch with Valls, like every noon Mondays, but this time the menu is unique. deprivation of nationality “the decision to include in the Constitution is made at that time,” said one adviser the Elysee. the two men finally agree on the same night by phone. the President and Prime Minister believe together we must respect the word of the Congress. both also decide to keep the secret arbitration for now .
December 22
the interior minister, Bernard Cazeneuve, is the first to be taken into confidence during a tripartite meeting at 11 am at the Elysee .
in the early afternoon, the Algerian radio Channel 3 broadcasts an interview with Christiane Taubira, registered yesterday. the Minister of Justice “indicates that the proposed constitutional amendment to be presented in the Council of Ministers Wednesday does not retain this provision. ” Benoît Hamon, his friend, said: “She told me she was holding the President in person.” In fact, at the Elysee Palace, it is recognized that a posteriori “wrongs are shared”: “When she left for Algeria, it does not inform us that she will do a radio, but we do not keep abreast of the sequel. ” further proof, if any were needed, that the film has rebounded.
It was only in the afternoon that the PS heavyweights will eventually be informed. Hollande calls or receives alternately Jean-Christophe Cambadélis, Stéphane Le Foll or Michel Sapin. It also maintains the phone with Christiane Taubira. Senate President Gerard Larcher, himself is contacted during the evening. But not its counterpart in the National Assembly, Claude Bartolone, which is recovering from the other side of the globe, after a serious health warning.
December 23
François Netherlands surprises everyone by Cabinet in confirming registration of deprivation of nationality for binational in constitutional reform. Several ministers, flabbergasted, look to Christiane Taubira … who do not blink. Only George Pau-Langevin, the Minister of Overseas, indicated its opposition verbally. During the cabinet meeting, Manuel Valls warned socialist leaders in Parliament. By text message. As suggested by the Council of State, the executive thus entrenches deprivation of nationality for binational “convicted of a crime constituting a serious attack on the life of the Nation.” Not for the crimes. Outside the Elysium is the kill, not just to the left of the PS. That the measure is in the Constitution either, but it remains limited only to dual nationals, it does not.
January 4
The holidays have not calmed the ardor, and the return looks stormy for the executive. Time is looking for alternative solutions under threat of fire from the left. Presumably under orders, the boss of the PS, Jean-Christophe Cambadélis; the leader of Socialist MEPs, Bruno Le Roux; State Secretary for Relations with Parliament, Jean-Marie Le Guen; and the spokesman of the government, Stéphane Le Foll, emit the same idea: the extension of deprivation of nationality to all French guilty of terrorism, not only to dual nationals. An Elysée adviser confirmed on condition of anonymity: “. This is actually envisaged possibility”
January 6
The forfeiture for all would she finally dreamed compromise ? Binational would not be stigmatized. But the controversy redoubled intensity due to another risk: the creation of stateless persons. Alain Juppé and Nicolas Sarkozy step into the breach and say their opposition to such a solution. If the right is not seduced, the constitutional revision will not be passed. The Prime Minister immediately closes the door to the idea. He says in an interview with BFM TV:
There is a condition that must be clear, France can not create stateless. This is not consistent with the image, values and above all the international commitments of France. “
January 7
Revenue from past holiday home in Guyana, where his doubts were not dispelled, Christiane Taubira asks to see Francois Hollande. This week commemorations of the attacks of “Charlie” and Hypercacher already announced special, but an event in the day will make the atmosphere more . for even heavy midday hours, a terrorist attack on the police station of the 18th district of Paris the president knows that any retreat is prohibited afternoon in his office at the Elysee Palace, he told his minister.. ” I understand your position, but even if we can change things, the merits of the measure will not change. “the determination of Holland is clear His will keep Taubira, as he tries to coax..” your place is the government. You have so many projects to achieve this year: the reform of criminal procedure, the court of XXI century, the juvenile justice system, the reorganization of the Chancellery … “And make him, if she wishes, that it will not be first in line to defend the constitutional review. the Minister of Justice seems to leave satisfied.
12 January
the Socialist group in the national Assembly meets for the first time since the holidays. the declarations of hostility deprivation of nationality for binational multiply. to calm his troops, Manuel Valls says the mission Jean-Jacques Urvoas and Dominique Raimbourg, respectively President and Vice-President of the Commission laws, to find a compromise. “the philosopher’s stone”, some scoff.
January 18
François Hollande returns to the front of the stage. “it’s risky, but it thought he must take things in hand, decrypts an adviser to the Castle. He has already shown that he caught a mayonnaise “So, not rotate, the Elysée announced by press release”. The President of the Republic will receive on January 22, the parliamentary groups represented in the Assembly national and Senate on the draft constitutional law to protect the nation. “
January 19
at the breakfast of the majority, at Matignon, the solution begins emerge. Sign deprivation of nationality in the Constitution without reference to dual nationality, and refer the matter to the implementing legislation that will accompany constitutional reform Socialist pundits agree with the consensus track remains to write <.! / p>
January 22
for the second time on the subject, Nicolas Sarkozy is received by François Hollande at the Elysee. the former president does not insist on dual nationality. He prefers to ask extending the decline. and to ensure, where appropriate, that the vast majority of both groups of Republicans will vote the constitutional revision.
January 23
It is the around 17 pm when Christiane Taubira ad by telephone at head of state resigns just before it takes off for India. Resignation accept. Both reached the inevitable conclusion that the institutional schizophrenia situation could not last. This time, Francois Hollande does not attempt to restrain, he knows that it is a waste. She will publish a book vitriolic against deprivation of nationality, and he just browse the set of proofs that she made him wear courier. In addition, it announced that it has already announced his departure in a program of Canal Plus which will air next week. The Head of State asked only to await his return before making public his resignation.
January 26
At 20:15 in the dining room staff of Matignon, Prime Minister invites to dinner the “soc com” of the law Commission of the national Assembly. Everyone reiterated his opposition to the deprivation of nationality for binational. “But Manuel Valls and Jean-Jacques Urvoas make us understand, without telling us clearly that a compromise solution is close,” said one of them. The same will remember a story that will make sense later
At the end of the feast, the deputy patrick mennucci said with all his eloquence Marseille.
Frankly, Manuel if you have one day the opportunity to appoint Jean-Jacques minister, does not hesitate, what talent “
And the prime minister replied:
This could happen more faster than you think the … “
later in the evening, very unusually, Manuel Valls expects François Hollande, back from his trip to India, on the tarmac of Orly. It’s almost 23 o’clock when the head of state down the plane. They return in the same car at the Elysee, and continue their discussion in the presidential office. Together they stall the new formulation for the deprivation of nationality and agree on a final name replacement for Christiane Taubira.
January 27
At 8 am, Christiane Taubira is received at the Elysee for forty-five minutes of a conversation “very free”, “very warm,” says one to the Castle. Ongoing maintenance, Manuel Valls joined
At 8:45, during a meeting of the Law Commission, Jean-Jacques Urvoas receives a text message from the Prime Minister, he gets up and says. “Sorry, I’ll have to leave you, Christiane Taubira resigned and I was appointed Minister of Justice. ” It leaves the sixth office of the National Assembly and the President of the Republic announces it verbally over the phone.
January 28
The Law Committee of the Assembly national, hostile to the very origin ultimately vote the new wording of Article 2 of the draft constitutional revision law:
the law establishes the conditions under which a person may be deprived of citizenship French and the rights attached thereto when convicted of a crime or offense constituting a serious attack on the life of the nation. “
the deprivation of nationality remains entrenched in the Constitution, as recommended by the Council of State, but the administrative court is not followed by another point. the measure also applies to offenses as requested Nicolas Sarkozy former prime minister Jean-Pierre Raffarin will not hesitate to talk about “Versailles pact” between the current president and his predecessor A top socialist leader will not say anything, trusting. “between Sarkozy and Hollande is using me and I’ll help you. ‘” Understand: if you give me satisfaction on crimes, I bring you the voices of the right to Congress.
Still, the compromise seems to finally collect the favor of the majority of socialists, happy that no longer refers to dual nationality, as worn by nearly three months of tribulations. At the Elysee, it is jubilant: “We finally have been the downfall for all without saying we could have been there for a month, but there is.” If the executive has announced that France would ratify also the International Convention of 1961 prohibiting the creation of stateless persons, he was careful to specify that the treaty in question also provided for exceptions, particularly for individuals with “a behavior likely to cause serious prejudice to the essential interests of the State “. All terrorists, binational or not, are concerned by the deprivation of nationality.
February 2
The end of stigma binational was short-lived. In the draft implementing legislation, which accompanies the constitutional reform, the Government states that deprivation of nationality can not have “the effect of making the convicted person stateless.” Back to square one. The meeting of the Socialist group in the National Assembly turns back to boxing. Members of the majority calling for a new drafting. At the Elysée, Matignon as it promises disappear as soon as the sentence at the beginning of the debates in the National Assembly on Friday February 5th. Debates that already seem endless
Julien Martin
nationality Forfeiture. 7 questions (finally!) include
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