The General Secretariat of the UN Convention on Climate Change, under whose auspices the negotiations are taking place, said that consultations on an amended text were over, and that a plenary session would resume at 10 am local time (16 pm Paris time).
Such an extension is a very common fact in these annual UN conferences climate where 195 industrialized and developing represented still struggling to reach consensus. The challenge is to lay the foundations for a future great deal hoped to Paris late 2015
Read our explanations (subscribers edition). In Lima, the climate negotiations skate
COMMON RULES
Countries will put these contributions to the secretariat UN by May 2015. The definition of the rules that govern them, and the evaluation process (at the global level and in relation to the capacity of each country) are a cause of friction, and a crucial step to ensure some level of ambition in the multilateral agreement expected in Paris.
particularly China and India are opposed to too demanding process. African countries, which represent only a small fraction of greenhouse gas emissions (about 3%), to determine an accurate assessment of financial guarantees. And the United States and the European Union wish that these contributions are focused on the effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Targets, fields of activity covered, the reference year … “The information must be accurate and comparable to evaluate the effort of each and say if it is sufficient to contain global warming below 2 ° C” says to World Roman Benicchio Oxfam, fearing that the discussions will end with an a la carte menu, “neither transparent nor readable” .
It is possible. The evaluation of these contributions in June 2015 is in fact not achieved. Brazil, on behalf of the BASIC (Brazil, South Africa, India and China), said he was not in favor
Read:. Climate: vulnerable countries want to be part of the solution
REDUCE GHG EMISSIONS
On the merits, the expected commitments must reduce emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) globally, to limit to 2 ° C increase in temperature of the planet. In Lima, the draft agreement on this topic must be formally adopted, without which the conference has not kept its promises.
To limit rising temperatures mean reducing GHG emissions from 2050 from 40 to 70%, according to experts. This assumes that all countries are gradually turning away from fossil fuels – first coal -. And massively investing in other energy
Another point of contention, differentiation between developed and in the process development, some very polluting countries want to maintain. The UN Climate Convention 1992 recognizes “common but differentiated responsibility” for these two categories of countries. China and India in the lead, now the first and fourth emitters, argue for the status quo, which is considered unacceptable by the United States and the European Union, among others.
The country assistance South to face the warming is finally a matter of great distrust. Some countries, including China, Brazil, Mexico, Saudi Arabia and Bolivia (who chairs the G77 group) require more visibility on how to keep the promise that the North has made in 2009 to reach 100 billion of annual aid dollars in 2020. For now, the Green Climate Fund was capitalized at $ 10.2 billion
Read:. The crates of Green Climate Fund fill
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